Hydrocephalus is subdivided into several different categories. Communicating and noncommunicating are the most common categories. These terms were previously used interchangeably with obstructive and nonobstructive. The latter terms have fallen from use, as it is believed that in almost all cases of hydrocephalus there is some obstruction of CSF reabsorption; the exception is the rare state of overproduction of CSF. Hydrocephalus is also subdivided into congenital versus acquired, and internal versus external (see table). Other categories include normal pressure hydrocephalus and ex vacuo hydrocephalus.
Table. Classifications of hydrocephalus
| Communicating |
| Congenital Achondroplasia Arachnoid cyst Dandy-Walker malformation Associated with craniofacial syndromes Acquired Posthemorrhagic: intraventricular or subarachnoid Choroid plexus papilloma or choroid plexus carcinoma Venous obstruction as in superior vena cava syndrome Postinfectious |
| Noncommunicating |
| Congenital Aqueductal stenosis Congenital lesions (vein of Galen malformation, congenital tumors) Arachnoid cyst Chiari malformations either withor without myelomeningocele X-linked hydrocephalus Dandy-Walker malformation Acquired Aqueductal gliosis (posthemorrhagic or postinfectious) Space-occupying lesions such as tumors or cysts Head injuries |
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